Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Pilot-Scale Reactor Design for Bio-waste and Sludge Pre-treatment

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to illustrate basis design a pilot-scale reactor built convert putrescent and high-water content biowaste into stabilized product by using Hydrothermal Carbonization process (HTC). hydrothermal carbonization selected has been previously studied in bench-scale optimize parameters such as temperature, reaction time, water-to-dry matter ratio then scaled up at scale 30 times larger. new volume 0.1 m 3 designed certified be operated 300 °C 86 bar, allowing wide range operating conditions. structured two steps: (a) mechanical (b). main results step have been: installed heat power, method provide control heating, minimum time necessary reach given yield. focused on scalability reactor, extraction products from end increasing reliability safety. built, commissioned, way validate criteria hypotheses. comparison between experimental input dataset confirmed correctness data but highlighted that thermal efficiency pilot plant was low so indicating need enhance it for demonstrative plant. Graphical